Maintaining good health becomes increasingly important as we age. This includes preserving our teeth and gums, which are essential for a healthy diet and overall well-being. Unfortunately, a common misconception is that tooth loss is inevitable with ageing, leading to neglect of senior dental care. Here’s what you need to know about periodontal disease and geriatric dentistry.
Understanding Periodontal Disease
Understanding periodontal disease is a crucial aspect of elderly oral health.
Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a chronic bacterial infection that affects the gums and bone supporting the teeth. It is a prevalent condition, with a recent survey in Singapore indicating that 90% of the population shows some signs of it. The two main stages of periodontal disease are gingivitis and periodontitis.
- Gingivitis: In the early stages of periodontal disease, the gums become red, swollen, and bleed easily, often with little or no discomfort. This condition, known as gingivitis, is primarily caused by poor oral hygiene practices.
- Periodontitis: If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis. This occurs when plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, extends below the gum line, releasing toxins that damage the gums and bone supporting the teeth. As the disease advances, gaps/pockets form between the teeth and gums, leading to further infection and bone loss. Eventually, teeth may become loose and require removal.
Common Signs of Periodontal Disease
Recognizing the signs of periodontal disease is crucial for senior dental care. Some common symptoms include:
- Bleeding while brushing
- Loose/shaky teeth
- Separated or shifted teeth
- Pus or swelling in the gums
- Persistent bad breath
If you or your loved one has these symptoms, please don’t hesitate to consult a dentist to receive the appropriate senior dental care.
Gum Disease Prevention
The good news is that periodontal disease is largely preventable through consistent oral hygiene practices and professional dental care. Here are key steps to maintain healthy gums and teeth:
- Use a soft or extra-soft toothbrush: A soft-bristled brush is gentler on the gums and can effectively remove plaque without causing irritation.
- Brush twice a day using the Bass technique: The Bass technique involves holding the toothbrush at a 45-degree angle to the gums and using short, back-and-forth strokes. This method helps clean both the tooth surface and the area below the gum line.
- Floss: helps remove plaque and food particles from between teeth, where a toothbrush cannot reach.
- Schedule regular professional cleanings: Even with diligent at-home care, tartar (hardened plaque) can accumulate below the gum line. Regular dental cleanings remove tartar and help prevent gum disease.
Specialised Periodontal Disease Care for the Elderly
Periodontal disease in the elderly requires specialised attention due to the unique challenges faced by this age group.
Older adults often have complex medical histories, including conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, osteoporosis and arthritis, which can complicate the management of periodontal disease. Additionally, seniors may experience difficulties with mobility, dexterity, or cognitive function, making it harder to maintain optimal oral hygiene.
Specialised senior dental care for periodontal disease focuses on addressing these challenges through a comprehensive and personalised approach. This may involve:
- Collaboration with other healthcare providers: Dentists may work closely with physicians, geriatricians, and other specialists to develop a treatment plan that considers the patient’s overall health status.
This includes dental care complicated by patients undergoing various treatments like chemo/radiotherapy or have contraindications for extractions due to medications for osteoporosis like bisphosphonates or on blood thinners. Some patients with knee or hip replacements may also need special considerations.
- Modified treatment techniques: Dental professionals may adapt their techniques to accommodate physical limitations, such as using ergonomic instruments or providing additional support during procedures.
- Patient education and support: Seniors and their caregivers receive guidance on oral hygiene practices, nutritional advice, and the importance of regular dental visits.
- Access to specialised services: Singapore offers a range of specialised dental services for the elderly, including geriatric dentistry clinics and mobile dental units that provide care in nursing homes or residential settings.
Considering this, it’s of utmost importance to get in touch with professionals who recognise the need for collaboration and specialised treatment and services for the elderly.
References:
3 Tooth Brushing Techniques That Get The Job Done, https://www.colgate.com/en-us/oral-health/brushing-and-flossing/3-tooth-brushing-techniques-that-get-the-job-done# Accessed October 1, 2024
Oral Care as You Age Gracefully, https://www.healthhub.sg/live-healthy/long-in-the-tooth Accessed October 1, 2024
Periodontal health of the geriatric population in old-age homes of Delhi, India – PMC, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8452175/ Accessed October 1, 2024
